Bone Morphogenetic Protein-9 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Mineralization in Human Stem-Cell-Derived Spheroids

Background and Objectives: Alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralized matrix, osteogenic-related gene expression have been shown to increase in response bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9). In this study, spheroids derived from human gingival stem cells were used determine the effects of BMP-9 on cell survival, osteogenesis, mineralization. Materials Methods: Human produce then grown concentrations 0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 ng/mL with BMP-9. On days 3, 5, 7, morphological examination was carried out. A live/dead assay Cell Counting Kit-8 assess vitality cells. 7 14, alkaline activity assays out using a commercially available kit examine osteogenic differentiation spheroids. Alizarin Red Staining performed 7th 14th evaluate mineralization, RUNX2 COL1A1 levels evaluated real-time polymerase chain reactions. Results: The added at measured quantities did not appear alter shape well-formed produced by day 1. addition, treatment doses or significantly diameter. Throughout whole experimental process, viability maintained. groups dosed statistically higher than that unloaded control group (p < 0.05). According qPCR data, mRNA level 1 dosing compared Conclusions: These findings suggest can be employed stimulate early